The Los Angeles abrasion test measures the resistance of coarse aggregate to degradation by abrasion and impact, a key durability indicator for aggregates used in concrete, asphalt and road base.
What the Test Measures
The test simulates the combined wear of abrasion, impact and grinding that aggregate experiences in service. A lower percentage loss means a harder, more durable aggregate. Soft aggregate that breaks down leads to rutting in asphalt and loss of strength in concrete.
Apparatus Required
- Los Angeles abrasion machine with rotating steel drum and shelf
- Charge of standard steel spheres (number set by grading A–G)
- Set of test sieves including the 1.70 mm sieve
- Balance and drying oven
NL Scientific manufactures the Los Angeles Resistance Abrasion Apparatus and the full aggregate & rock testing range, built to ASTM, EN, BS and AASHTO requirements with ISO/IEC 17025 accredited calibration.
Test Procedure
- Select the grading (A–G) matching the aggregate size and weigh the washed, oven-dried sample (typically 5000 g).
- Place the sample and the specified number of steel spheres in the drum.
- Rotate the drum at 30–33 rpm for 500 revolutions (1000 for ASTM C535 large-size aggregate).
- Discharge the material and sieve on the 1.70 mm sieve.
- Wash and oven-dry the material retained on the 1.70 mm sieve and weigh it.
Calculation & Reporting
Percent loss = ((Original mass − Retained mass) ÷ Original mass) × 100. Report the loss to the nearest whole percent.
Acceptance Criteria
Many specifications limit Los Angeles abrasion loss to a maximum of 30–40% for surface course and base aggregates, with stricter limits for premium wearing courses. Always refer to your project or road-authority specification for the exact limit.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between ASTM C131 and C535?
ASTM C131 covers aggregate smaller than 37.5 mm using 500 revolutions; ASTM C535 covers larger aggregate using 1000 revolutions. NL Scientific equipment complies with both.
Why are steel spheres used?
The steel charge delivers the impact and abrasive action; the number of spheres is fixed by the grading so results are repeatable and comparable between laboratories.
Need the right equipment for your laboratory? Contact NL Scientific for a quotation — Asia’s leading manufacturer of civil engineering and material testing equipment, shipping worldwide.
